import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk import time class Dec7447Simulator: """ 7447 BCD to Seven-Segment Decoder/Driver 邏輯核心 """ def __init__(self): # 7447 的輸出為 Active LOW (0 代表點亮，1 代表熄滅) # 陣列順序為 [a, b, c, d, e, f, g] self.FONT_MAP = { 0: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1], # 顯示 0 1: [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1], # 顯示 1 2: [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0], # 顯示 2 3: [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0], # 顯示 3 4: [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0], # 顯示 4 5: [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0], # 顯示 5 6: [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 顯示 6 (無 a 段，經典 7447 字型) 7: [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1], # 顯示 7 8: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 顯示 8 9: [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0], # 顯示 9 (無 d 段，經典 7447 字型) 10: [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0], # 無效 BCD 10 (7447 特殊符號) 11: [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0], # 無效 BCD 11 (7447 特殊符號) 12: [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], # 無效 BCD 12 (7447 特殊符號) 13: [0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0], # 無效 BCD 13 (7447 特殊符號) 14: [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 無效 BCD 14 (7447 特殊符號) 15: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], # 無效 BCD 15 (全熄滅) } def decode(self, dcba_val, lt_n=1, rbi_n=1, bi_rbo_n=1): """ 模擬 7447 解碼邏輯 """ # 1. BI (Blanking Input) 為低電位時，強制所有輸出熄滅，忽略其他所有輸入 if bi_rbo_n == 0: return [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], 0, "BI 強制消隱狀態" # 2. LT (Lamp Test) 為低電位時（且 BI 為高電位），強制所有段點亮（顯示 8） if lt_n == 0: return [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 1, "LT 燈泡測試狀態" # 3. 當輸入 BCD 為 0 且 RBI 腳位為低電位時，觸發零消除 (Blanking) if dcba_val == 0 and rbi_n == 0: return [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], 0, "RBI 零消除啟動 (Blanking)" # 4. 正常解碼模式 segments = self.FONT_MAP.get(dcba_val, [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]) return segments, 1, "正常解碼模式" class App(tk.Tk): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.title("7447 數位邏輯與七段顯示器教學展示系統") self.geometry("1100x750") self.configure(bg="#0f172a") # 深 slate 色背景 self.resizable(False, False) # 晶片邏輯實體 self.simulator = Dec7447Simulator() # 當前硬體狀態變數 self.val = 0 self.lt = 1 self.rbi = 1 self.bi_rbo = 1 self.auto_cycle = False self.cycle_speed = 1000 # 毫秒 # 配色定義 self.COLOR_BG = "#0f172a" self.COLOR_CARD = "#1e293b" self.COLOR_ACCENT = "#3b82f6" self.COLOR_GREEN = "#10b981" self.COLOR_RED_ON = "#ef4444" self.COLOR_RED_OFF = "#331015" self.COLOR_HIGH = "#f43f5e" # 高電位粉紅紅 self.COLOR_LOW = "#3b82f6" # 低電位天空藍 self._create_widgets() self._update_all() def _create_widgets(self): # 標題列 title_frame = tk.Frame(self, bg=self.COLOR_BG, pady=15) title_frame.pack(fill=tk.X) lbl_title = tk.Label(title_frame, text="7447 BCD 解碼器與七段顯示器模擬系統", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 24, "bold"), fg="#ffffff", bg=self.COLOR_BG) lbl_title.pack() lbl_sub = tk.Label(title_frame, text="高職電機電子電子群數位邏輯實務教材 | Google AI 核心重製版", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 12), fg="#94a3b8", bg=self.COLOR_BG) lbl_sub.pack(pady=5) # 主顯示區塊 (左右分欄) main_frame = tk.Frame(self, bg=self.COLOR_BG) main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=20, pady=10) # 左欄：視覺化面板 (Canvas 繪圖) left_frame = tk.Frame(main_frame, bg=self.COLOR_BG) left_frame.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=(0, 10)) # 1. 七段顯示器 Canvas 元件 led_card = tk.LabelFrame(left_frame, text="七段顯示器實體模擬 (共陽極 CA)", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 12, "bold"), fg=self.COLOR_GREEN, bg=self.COLOR_CARD, bd=2, relief=tk.FLAT) led_card.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, pady=(0, 10)) self.led_canvas = tk.Canvas(led_card, bg="#020617", bd=0, highlightthickness=0) self.led_canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10) # 2. 7447 晶片引腳動態展示 Canvas chip_card = tk.LabelFrame(left_frame, text="7447 晶片實體引腳與邏輯電位監視", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 12, "bold"), fg=self.COLOR_ACCENT, bg=self.COLOR_CARD, bd=2, relief=tk.FLAT) chip_card.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) self.chip_canvas = tk.Canvas(chip_card, bg="#020617", bd=0, highlightthickness=0, height=220) self.chip_canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10) # 右欄：控制面板 (按鈕與控制項) right_frame = tk.Frame(main_frame, bg=self.COLOR_BG, width=420) right_frame.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.BOTH, padx=(10, 0)) right_frame.pack_propagate(False) # 1. 快速 BCD 選擇 (0-15 按鈕網格) bcd_card = tk.LabelFrame(right_frame, text="快速 BCD 輸入選擇", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 12, "bold"), fg="#ffffff", bg=self.COLOR_CARD, bd=1, relief=tk.FLAT) bcd_card.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(0, 10)) grid_frame = tk.Frame(bcd_card, bg=self.COLOR_CARD, padx=10, pady=10) grid_frame.pack() self.bcd_buttons = [] for i in range(16): btn = tk.Button(grid_frame, text=f"{i}", font=("Consolas", 12, "bold"), width=4, height=1, bg="#334155", fg="#f8fafc", activebackground=self.COLOR_ACCENT, activeforeground="#ffffff", relief=tk.FLAT, command=lambda x=i: self._set_bcd_value(x)) btn.grid(row=i//4, column=i%4, padx=6, pady=6) self.bcd_buttons.append(btn) # 2. 單 bit 二進制開關 bit_card = tk.LabelFrame(right_frame, text="二進制輸入微調 (D, C, B, A Switches)", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 12, "bold"), fg="#ffffff", bg=self.COLOR_CARD, bd=1, relief=tk.FLAT) bit_card.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(0, 10)) bit_inner = tk.Frame(bit_card, bg=self.COLOR_CARD, padx=10, pady=10) bit_inner.pack(fill=tk.X) self.bit_vars = [tk.IntVar(value=0) for _ in range(4)] # [D, C, B, A] bit_labels = ['D (8)', 'C (4)', 'B (2)', 'A (1)'] self.bit_buttons = [] for i in range(4): btn = tk.Button(bit_inner, text=f"{bit_labels[i]}\nLOW (0)", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 10, "bold"), bg=self.COLOR_LOW, fg="#ffffff", width=8, height=2, relief=tk.FLAT, command=lambda idx=i: self._toggle_bit(idx)) btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=True, padx=5) self.bit_buttons.append(btn) # 3. 系統控制腳位切換 ctrl_card = tk.LabelFrame(right_frame, text="7447 系統控制引腳 (Active LOW)", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 12, "bold"), fg="#ffffff", bg=self.COLOR_CARD, bd=1, relief=tk.FLAT) ctrl_card.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(0, 10)) ctrl_inner = tk.Frame(ctrl_card, bg=self.COLOR_CARD, padx=10, pady=10) ctrl_inner.pack(fill=tk.X, expand=True) # LT_N Button self.btn_lt = tk.Button(ctrl_inner, text="LT (燈泡測試)\nHIGH (1)", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 9, "bold"), bg=self.COLOR_HIGH, fg="#ffffff", width=12, height=2, relief=tk.FLAT, command=self._toggle_lt) self.btn_lt.pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=True, padx=3) # RBI_N Button self.btn_rbi = tk.Button(ctrl_inner, text="RBI (前導消隱)\nHIGH (1)", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 9, "bold"), bg=self.COLOR_HIGH, fg="#ffffff", width=12, height=2, relief=tk.FLAT, command=self._toggle_rbi) self.btn_rbi.pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=True, padx=3) # BI/RBO_N Button self.btn_bi = tk.Button(ctrl_inner, text="BI/RBO (消隱控制)\nHIGH (1)", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 9, "bold"), bg=self.COLOR_HIGH, fg="#ffffff", width=12, height=2, relief=tk.FLAT, command=self._toggle_bi) self.btn_bi.pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=True, padx=3) # 4. 系統自動展示控制與當前資訊 info_card = tk.LabelFrame(right_frame, text="動態 Demo 與解碼狀態即時監控", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 12, "bold"), fg=self.COLOR_GREEN, bg=self.COLOR_CARD, bd=1, relief=tk.FLAT) info_card.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) info_inner = tk.Frame(info_card, bg=self.COLOR_CARD, padx=15, pady=10) info_inner.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) self.btn_demo = tk.Button(info_inner, text="▶ 啟動 BCD 自動展示", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 11, "bold"), bg=self.COLOR_GREEN, fg="#ffffff", height=1, relief=tk.FLAT, command=self._toggle_demo) self.btn_demo.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(0, 10)) # 狀態監視器文字欄 self.lbl_status = tk.Label(info_inner, text="解碼模式: 正常模式", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 12, "bold"), fg=self.COLOR_GREEN, bg="#020617", height=2, anchor=tk.W, padx=10, justify=tk.LEFT) self.lbl_status.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5) self.lbl_bin_info = tk.Label(info_inner, text="二進制數據：D=0, C=0, B=0, A=0", font=("Microsoft JhengHei", 11), fg="#cbd5e1", bg=self.COLOR_CARD, anchor=tk.W) self.lbl_bin_info.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=2) self.lbl_out_info = tk.Label(info_inner, text="7447 輸出電平: a=0 b=0 c=0 d=0 e=0 f=0 g=1", font=("Consolas", 10), fg="#94a3b8", bg=self.COLOR_CARD, anchor=tk.W) self.lbl_out_info.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=2) def _toggle_bit(self, idx): """ 當點擊 D, C, B, A 四個二進制按鈕時觸發 """ current_val = self.bit_vars[idx].get() new_val = 1 - current_val self.bit_vars[idx].set(new_val) # 重新計算 decimal 數值 # D=bit_vars[0], C=bit_vars[1], B=bit_vars[2], A=bit_vars[3] self.val = (self.bit_vars[0].get() * 8 + self.bit_vars[1].get() * 4 + self.bit_vars[2].get() * 2 + self.bit_vars[3].get() * 1) self._update_all() def _set_bcd_value(self, target_val): """ 當直接點擊 0~15 數值按鈕時觸發 """ self.val = target_val # 更新二進制狀態 self.bit_vars[0].set((target_val >> 3) & 1) self.bit_vars[1].set((target_val >> 2) & 1) self.bit_vars[2].set((target_val >> 1) & 1) self.bit_vars[3].set(target_val & 1) self._update_all() def _toggle_lt(self): self.lt = 1 - self.lt self._update_all() def _toggle_rbi(self): self.rbi = 1 - self.rbi self._update_all() def _toggle_bi(self): self.bi_rbo = 1 - self.bi_rbo self._update_all() def _toggle_demo(self): self.auto_cycle = not self.auto_cycle if self.auto_cycle: self.btn_demo.config(text="■ 停止 BCD 自動展示", bg=self.COLOR_RED_ON) self._run_demo() else: self.btn_demo.config(text="▶ 啟動 BCD 自動展示", bg=self.COLOR_GREEN) def _run_demo(self): if not self.auto_cycle: return next_val = (self.val + 1) % 16 self._set_bcd_value(next_val) self.after(self.cycle_speed, self._run_demo) def _update_all(self): """ 同步所有邏輯並重繪介面 """ # 1. 執行解碼運算 segs, rbo, status_text = self.simulator.decode(self.val, self.lt, self.rbi, self.bi_rbo) # 2. 更新控制面板 UI # 0~15 按鈕點亮反饋 for i, btn in enumerate(self.bcd_buttons): if i == self.val: btn.config(bg=self.COLOR_GREEN, fg="#ffffff") else: btn.config(bg="#334155", fg="#f8fafc") # 二進制 4-bits 控制按鈕顏色 bit_labels = ['D (8)', 'C (4)', 'B (2)', 'A (1)'] for i in range(4): val_bit = self.bit_vars[i].get() if val_bit == 1: self.bit_buttons[i].config(text=f"{bit_labels[i]}\nHIGH (1)", bg=self.COLOR_HIGH) else: self.bit_buttons[i].config(text=f"{bit_labels[i]}\nLOW (0)", bg=self.COLOR_LOW) # 系統腳位按鈕狀態 self.btn_lt.config(text=f"LT (燈泡測試)\n{'HIGH (1)' if self.lt else 'LOW (0)'}", bg=self.COLOR_HIGH if self.lt else self.COLOR_LOW) self.btn_rbi.config(text=f"RBI (前導消隱)\n{'HIGH (1)' if self.rbi else 'LOW (0)'}", bg=self.COLOR_HIGH if self.rbi else self.COLOR_LOW) self.btn_bi.config(text=f"BI/RBO (消隱)\n{'HIGH (1)' if self.bi_rbo else 'LOW (0)'}", bg=self.COLOR_HIGH if self.bi_rbo else self.COLOR_LOW) # 3. 更新底部的純文字監控欄 self.lbl_status.config(text=f"解碼器運作狀態: {status_text}") self.lbl_bin_info.config(text=f"當前輸入：D={self.bit_vars[0].get()}, C={self.bit_vars[1].get()}, B={self.bit_vars[2].get()}, A={self.bit_vars[3].get()} (十進制: {self.val})") labels_abc = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'] out_states = [f"{labels_abc[idx]}={segs[idx]}" for idx in range(7)] self.lbl_out_info.config(text=f"7447 輸出狀態 (Active LOW): " + ", ".join(out_states) + f" | RBO狀態={rbo}") # 4. 重繪動態 Canvas 元件 self._draw_led(segs) self._draw_chip(segs, rbo) def _draw_led(self, segs): """ 利用 Canvas 繪製具備斜角與氖紅霓虹發光質感的七段顯示器 """ self.led_canvas.delete("all") w = self.led_canvas.winfo_width() h = self.led_canvas.winfo_height() if w < 10: w, h = 450, 220 # 預設大小防呆 # 基礎定位點 (置中) cx, cy = w // 2, h // 2 # 傾斜轉換矩陣：x' = x - (y - cy) * 0.12 (產生美麗的 LED 斜角) def transform(x, y): slant = 0.12 return x - (y - cy) * slant, y # 七段各段點定義 (相對於中心 cx, cy) # a, f, b, g, e, c, d segment_polygons = { # a (最上橫條) 'a': [(-50, -85), (50, -85), (40, -71), (-40, -71)], # f (左上直條) 'f': [(-56, -80), (-44, -72), (-44, -10), (-56, -2)], # b (右上直條) 'b': [(44, -72), (56, -80), (56, -2), (44, -10)], # g (中間橫條) 'g': [(-40, -7), (40, -7), (46, 0), (40, 7), (-40, 7), (-46, 0)], # e (左下直條) 'e': [(-56, 2), (-44, 10), (-44, 72), (-56, 80)], # c (右下直條) 'c': [(44, 10), (56, 2), (56, 80), (44, 72)], # d (最下橫條) 'd': [(-40, 71), (40, 71), (50, 85), (-50, 85)] } seg_keys = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'] for idx, key in enumerate(seg_keys): # 7447 輸出是 Active LOW：0 代表點亮，1 代表暗 is_active = (segs[idx] == 0) color_fill = self.COLOR_RED_ON if is_active else self.COLOR_RED_OFF color_outline = "#ff8888" if is_active else "#1e1b1c" # 轉換所有點至傾斜座標系 points = [] for px, py in segment_polygons[key]: tx, ty = transform(cx + px, cy + py) points.append(tx) points.append(ty) # 在 Canvas 上畫出 segment 霓虹燈條 if is_active: # 繪製外發光影子層 shadow_points = [] for px, py in segment_polygons[key]: tx, ty = transform(cx + px, cy + py) shadow_points.append(tx) shadow_points.append(ty) self.led_canvas.create_polygon(shadow_points, fill="#7f1d1d", outline="") self.led_canvas.create_polygon(points, fill=color_fill, outline=color_outline, width=1.5) # 繪製小數點 DP (裝飾用) dpx, dpy = transform(cx + 70, cy + 80) self.led_canvas.create_oval(dpx-7, dpy-7, dpx+7, dpy+7, fill=self.COLOR_RED_OFF, outline="#1e1b1c") def _draw_chip(self, segs, rbo): """ 繪製 7447 DIP-16 晶片，並即時用紅藍雙色光點標註各個引腳的實時電位 """ self.chip_canvas.delete("all") w = self.chip_canvas.winfo_width() h = self.chip_canvas.winfo_height() if w < 10: w, h = 450, 220 cx, cy = w // 2, h // 2 # 晶片外殼繪製 (已將不支援的 stroke="xxx" 修正為 outline="xxx") cw, ch = 240, 100 self.chip_canvas.create_rectangle(cx - cw//2, cy - ch//2, cx + cw//2, cy + ch//2, fill="#1e293b", outline="#475569", width=3) # 晶片左側半圓缺口 self.chip_canvas.create_oval(cx - cw//2 - 12, cy - 20, cx - cw//2 + 12, cy + 20, fill="#020617", outline="#475569") # 晶片型號標記 self.chip_canvas.create_text(cx, cy, text="SN7447N", font=("Consolas", 18, "bold"), fill="#f8fafc") self.chip_canvas.create_text(cx, cy + 25, text="BCD to 7-SEG DECODER", font=("Consolas", 8), fill="#94a3b8") # 16 支引腳對應邏輯狀態設定 (對應引腳編號 1 至 16) # BCD 4-bits val_d = self.bit_vars[0].get() val_c = self.bit_vars[1].get() val_b = self.bit_vars[2].get() val_a = self.bit_vars[3].get() pin_levels = { 1: val_c, # Pin 1: Input B 2: val_b, # Pin 2: Input C 3: self.lt, # Pin 3: Lamp Test (LT) 4: self.bi_rbo, # Pin 4: BI/RBO 5: self.rbi, # Pin 5: RBI 6: val_d, # Pin 6: Input D 7: val_a, # Pin 7: Input A 8: 0, # Pin 8: GND 9: segs[4], # Pin 9: Output e 10: segs[3], # Pin 10: Output d 11: segs[2], # Pin 11: Output c 12: segs[1], # Pin 12: Output b 13: segs[0], # Pin 13: Output a 14: segs[6], # Pin 14: Output g 15: segs[5], # Pin 15: Output f 16: 1 # Pin 16: VCC (+5V) } pin_names = { 1: "B", 2: "C", 3: "LT", 4: "BI/RBO", 5: "RBI", 6: "D", 7: "A", 8: "GND", 9: "e", 10: "d", 11: "c", 12: "b", 13: "a", 14: "g", 15: "f", 16: "VCC" } # 繪製引腳與電位光點 (上半部 16~9 由右至左，下半部 1~8 由左至右) # 引腳 X 位置定位 pin_spacing = 26 start_x = cx - (7 * pin_spacing) // 2 # 1. 繪製下半部引腳 (1 至 8) for i in range(1, 9): px = start_x + (i - 1) * pin_spacing py_pin = cy + ch//2 level = pin_levels[i] pin_color = self.COLOR_HIGH if level == 1 else self.COLOR_LOW # 畫金屬引腳 self.chip_canvas.create_line(px, py_pin, px, py_pin + 12, fill="#94a3b8", width=4) # 畫電位邏輯光圈 self.chip_canvas.create_oval(px - 5, py_pin + 15, px + 5, py_pin + 25, fill=pin_color, outline="#ffffff", width=1) # 畫引腳編號 self.chip_canvas.create_text(px, py_pin - 12, text=f"{i}", font=("Consolas", 8), fill="#94a3b8") # 畫功能名稱 self.chip_canvas.create_text(px, py_pin + 35, text=pin_names[i], font=("Consolas", 8, "bold"), fill="#f8fafc") # 2. 繪製上半部引腳 (16 至 9，對應引腳在畫面上是從左往右排) for i in range(9, 17): idx_in_row = 16 - i # Pin 16 在最左邊，Pin 9 在最右邊 px = start_x + idx_in_row * pin_spacing py_pin = cy - ch//2 level = pin_levels[i] pin_color = self.COLOR_HIGH if level == 1 else self.COLOR_LOW # 畫金屬引腳 self.chip_canvas.create_line(px, py_pin, px, py_pin - 12, fill="#94a3b8", width=4) # 畫電位邏輯光圈 self.chip_canvas.create_oval(px - 5, py_pin - 25, px + 5, py_pin - 15, fill=pin_color, outline="#ffffff", width=1) # 畫引腳編號 self.chip_canvas.create_text(px, py_pin + 12, text=f"{i}", font=("Consolas", 8), fill="#94a3b8") # 畫功能名稱 self.chip_canvas.create_text(px, py_pin - 35, text=pin_names[i], font=("Consolas", 8, "bold"), fill="#f8fafc") if __name__ == "__main__": app = App() app.mainloop()